what kind of policies could help the efficiency of products

Appliances tell you how much they use and about everything else required to tell its quiescent and active power usage per year

Add additional duty to products based on efficiency. Efficient products none, non efficient products soem.

The duty could pay off the debt or be used to remediate the effects of the polution added.

Require or encourage all external power supplies to have a sleep mode where they draw little or no power with a duty on not.